Databases

The storage and access of data is abstracted away from Data Scientists. This means that, Data Scientists are consumers of database systems and they rarely need to know the inner workings of database systems. However, today's Data Scientists are encountering a heterogeneous array of data structures such as graph data, text data, image data, speech data, log files, click-stream data, etc. While it is not the primary job of Data Scientists to build database systems, they should be knowledgeable about the differences between database management systems and when a system should be preferred over the others.